Uburyo bwibanze bwo kumisha kumashanyarazi

I. Guhitamo ibikoresho bito no kwitegura

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho bibisi

Ubwoko butandukanye: Hitamo ubwoko bufite inyama zikomeye, isukari nyinshi (≥14%), imiterere yimbuto zisanzwe, kandi nta byonnyi n'indwara.

Gukura: Mirongo inani ku ijana byeze birakwiye, imbuto ni orange-umuhondo, kandi inyama zirakomeye. Kurenza urugero cyangwa ibishishwa bibisi bizagira ingaruka kumiterere nyuma yo gukama.

Kugenzura: Kuraho imbuto ziboze, imbuto zahinduwe, n'imbuto zangiritse.

2. Gusukura no gukuramo

Isuku: Ongeramo 0,5% ya acide hydrochloric kugirango ushire muminota 5-10 kugirango wongere isuku, hanyuma woge n'amazi meza.

Gukuramo: Koresha intoki cyangwa imashini ikuramo imashini kugirango ukureho igishishwa. Niba bidatunganijwe ako kanya nyuma yo kubishishwa, birashobora gushirwa mumvange yumunyu wa 0.5% na acide citric 0.1% kugirango birinde okiside no kumera.

3. Gukata no gukuraho uruti

Gukata: Kata perimoni mo ibice hamwe n'ubugari bwa cm 0.5-1. Niba ushaka gukora imbuto zumye zose, urashobora gusimbuka intambwe yo gutema, ariko ugomba gukora umusaraba muto ukata kuruti kugirango woroshye amazi.

Gukuraho igiti: Koresha icyuma kugirango ukureho uruti na calyx ya perimoni kugirango urebe neza neza.

II. Kurinda amabara no kuvura gukomera (intambwe itabishaka)

1. Kuvura amabara

Blanching: Shyira perimoni mumazi ashyushye kuri 80-90℃kuminota 2-3 kugirango usenye ibikorwa bya okiside mumashanyarazi kandi wirinde kwirabura mugihe cyo kumisha. Nyuma yo guhumeka, shyira vuba ubushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe namazi akonje.

Kuvura sufuru: Niba bikenewe kubikwa igihe kirekire, sulfure irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango irinde ibara. Shira perimoni mucyumba cya fumigasi ya sulfure, koresha garama 300-500 za sulfure kuri kilo 100 y'ibikoresho fatizo, gutwika sulfure no kuyifunga amasaha 4-6. Twabibutsa ko ibisigazwa bya sulferi bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa (≤50mg / kg).

2. Gukomera

Kubwoko bufite inyama zoroshye, perimmons irashobora gushiramo 0.1% -0.2% ya calcium chloride ya calcium ya chloride mumasaha 1-2 kugirango ikomere ingirangingo kandi wirinde guhinduka cyangwa kubora mugihe cyumye. Kwoza amazi meza nyuma yo kuvurwa.

III. Kwitegura mbere yo gukama

1. Gushiraho no gushira

Shira perimoni yatunganijwe neza kurugero rwo gutekesha cyangwa kumurongo winsinga, cm 1-2 utandukanijwe, irinde guhunika, urebe neza ko uhumeka neza hamwe n’amazi amwe. Iyo wumishije imbuto zose, shyira uruti rwimbuto hejuru kugirango byorohereze amazi.

Isafuriya yo gutekamo irashobora gukorwa mubyuma bitagira umwanda, imigano cyangwa plastiki yo mu rwego rwibiryo, kandi igomba gukenera kwanduzwa mbere yo kuyikoresha (nko guhanagura inzoga 75%) kugirango wirinde kwanduza.

2. Mbere yo gukama (gukama bisanzwe)

Niba ibintu bibyemereye, perimmons irashobora kubanza kwumishwa nizuba muminsi 1-2 kugirango ihumure neza kandi bigabanye igihe cyo kumisha. Mugihe cyo gukama mbere, birakenewe gutwikirwa na gaze kugirango wirinde imibu no kwanduza umukungugu, hanyuma ukabihindura inshuro 1-2 kumunsi kugirango byume kimwe.

IV. Kugenzura uburyo bwo kumisha (amahuza yingenzi)

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho byumye

Ibikoresho byo kumanika ibendera ryiburengerazuba bifata igenzura ryubwenge bwa PLC no kugenzura neza ubushyuhe; inkomoko yubushyuhe ni nini, nkamashanyarazi, pompe yubushyuhe, amavuta, amazi ashyushye, amavuta yumuriro, gaze naturel, LPG, mazutu, biyogazi, pelleti biomass, inkwi, amakara, nibindi.; ukurikije umusaruro wa perimmons, urashobora guhitamo icyumba cyumisha cyangwa icyuma cyumukandara.

Ibikurikira nuburyo bujyanye no kumisha icyumba cyo kumisha

2. Ibikoresho byumye

Icyiciro cya 1: Gushyushya (amasaha 0-2)

Ubushyuhe: kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva 30℃kugeza 45℃, ubuhehere bugenzurwa kuri 60% -70%, naho umuvuduko wumuyaga ni 1-2 m / s.

Intego: kongera kuringaniza ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere no gukora kwimuka kwubushuhe hejuru.

Icyiciro cya 2: Guhora wumye (amasaha 2-10)

Ubushyuhe: 45-55℃, ubuhehere bwaragabanutse kugera kuri 40% -50%, umuvuduko wumuyaga 2-3 m / s.

Igikorwa: Hindura ibikoresho buri masaha 2 kugirango ushushe kimwe. Amazi menshi azuka muri iki cyiciro, kandi uburemere bwa perimoni bugabanukaho hafi 50%.

Icyiciro cya 3: Kuma gahoro (amasaha 10-20)

Ubushyuhe: kuzamuka buhoro buhoro kugera kuri 60-65℃, ubuhehere bugenzurwa munsi ya 30%, umuvuduko wumuyaga 1-2 m / s.

Intego: Mugabanye igipimo cyo guhumeka kwubuso bwubuso, kurinda ubuso bwimisemburo gutoboka, no guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwimbere hanze.

Icyiciro cya 4: Impuzandengo ikonje (nyuma yamasaha 20)

Ubushyuhe: manuka munsi ya 40℃, kuzimya sisitemu yo gushyushya, komeza guhumeka, no gukora ubuhehere bwimbere bwimisemburo ikwirakwijwe neza.

Impera yanyuma: Ibirungo byumye byumye bigomba kugenzurwa kuri 15% -20%. Inyama zigomba kuba zoroshye kandi ntizifatanye mugihe zifatishijwe intoki, kandi nta mutobe ugomba gusohoka nyuma yo gutema.

3. Kwirinda

Mugihe cyo kumisha, ubushyuhe nubushuhe bigomba gukurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo kugirango hirindwe ubushyuhe bukabije butera imishitsi gutwika cyangwa gutakaza intungamubiri (gutakaza vitamine C ni ngombwa iyo irenze 70℃).

Igihe cyo kumisha cya perimmons yubwoko butandukanye nuburyo bwo guca buratandukanye, kandi ibipimo byibikorwa bigomba guhinduka byoroshye. Kurugero, igihe cyo kumisha imbuto zose mubisanzwe ni amasaha 5-10 kurenza ayo gukata?imbuto.

V. Kworoshya no gutanga amanota

1. Korohereza imiti

Shira ibishishwa byumye mu kintu gifunze cyangwa mu mufuka wa pulasitike hanyuma ubishyire mu minsi 1-2 kugirango ugabanye ubuhehere mu mubiri, ukore imyenda yoroshye kandi imwe, kandi wirinde guturika cyangwa gukomera.

2. Gutanga amanota no kwerekana

Gutondekanya ubunini, ibara n'imiterere:

Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa mbere: imiterere yuzuye, ibara rimwe (orange-umutuku cyangwa umuhondo wijimye), nta byangiritse, icyorezo n’umwanda, isukari nyinshi.

Ibicuruzwa byisumbuye: Guhindura bike biremewe, ibara ryoroheje gato, kandi nta nenge zikomeye.

Kuraho ibicuruzwa bifite ibara, byacitse cyangwa binuka ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa.

VI. Ibibazo rusange nibisubizo

Gukomera cyane Kurinda amabara adakwiye cyangwa ubushyuhe buke bwo gukama Komeza kurinda amabara (nko kongera ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka cyangwa kongera igihe cya feri ya sulfuru), genzura ubushyuhe bwambere bwumye≥45℃

Ubuso bwubuso Ubushyuhe bwambere bwumutse burenze urugero Hasi ubushyuhe bwambere, wongere umwuka, kandi wirinde guhumeka vuba vuba.

Indwara yimbere Imbere cyane Amazi menshi cyangwa ibidukikije bibitse neza Menya neza ko amazi arimo≤20% nyuma yo gukama, kugenzura ubuhehere mugihe cyo kubika, hanyuma wongere desiccant nibiba ngombwa

Uburyohe bukabije Ubushyuhe bwo gukama buri hejuru cyane cyangwa igihe ni kirekire cyane Guhindura ibipimo byumye, gabanya igihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi woroshye rwose